Yuchen Meng, Rong-Hua Li*, Hongchao Qin, Xiang Wu, Huanzhong Duan, Yanxiong Lu, Guoren Wang. Encoding Group Interests with Persistent Homology for Personalized Search. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems (Accepted).

Xiang Wu, Hongchao Qin , Rong-Hua Li* , Yuchen Meng, Huanzhong Duan, Yanxiong Lu, Yujing Gao, Fusheng Jin, and Guoren Wang. Effective Personalized Search With Heterogeneous Graph Based Hawkes Process. IEEE Transactions on Big Data (Accepted).

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Donghang Cui, Guoren Wang. Theoretically and Practically Efficient Maximum Defective Clique Search. SIGMOD 2025.    (pdf)    (code)

Lantian Xu, Dong Wen, Lu Qin, Rong-Hua Li, Ying Zhang, Xuemin Lin. Constant-time Connectivity Querying in Dynamic Graphs. SIGMOD 2025.

Yuchen Meng, Rong-Hua Li*, Longlong Lin, Xunkai Li, Guoren Wang. Topology-preserving Graph Coarsening: An Elementary Collapse-based Approach. VLDB 2025.

Zening Li,Rong-Hua Li*, Meihao Liao, Fusheng Jin and Guoren Wang. Privacy-Preserving Graph Embedding based on Local Differential Privacy, CIKM 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Yizhou Dai, Miao Qiao, Rong-Hua Li. On Density-based Local Community Search. PODS 2024.    (pdf)

Meihao Liao, Junjie Zhou, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Hongyang Chen, Guoren Wang: Efficient and Provable Effective Resistance Computation on Large Graphs: an Index-based Approach. SIGMOD 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Donghang Cui, Meihao Liao, Yu-Xuan Qiu, Guoren Wang: Efficient Maximal Biplex Enumerations with Improved Worst-Case Time Guarantee. SIGMOD 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Yalong Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Qi Zhang, Hongchao Qin, Guoren Wang. Efficient Algorithms for Density Decomposition on Large Static and Dynamic Graphs. VLDB 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Xunkai Li, Meihao Liao, Zhengyu Wu, Daohan Su, Wentao Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang: LightDiC: A Simple yet Effective Approach for Large-scale Digraph Representation Learning. VLDB 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Longlong Lin, Pingpeng Yuan*, Rong-Hua Li*, Chunxue Zhu, Hongchao Qin, Hai Jin, Tao Jia. QTCS: Efficient Query-Centered Temporal Community Search, VLDB 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Yalong Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Qi Zhang, Hongchao Qin, Lu Qin, Guoren Wang. Efficient Algorithms for Pseudoarboricity Computation in Large Static and Dynamic Graphs. VLDB 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Longlong Lin, Tao Jia, Zeli Wang, Jin Zhao, Rong-Hua Li*. PSMC: Provable and Scalable Algorithms for Motif Conductance Based Graph Clustering. KDD 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Xiaowei Ye,Rong-Hua Li*, Lei Liang, Zhizhen Liu, Longlong Lin, Guoren Wang. Efficient and Effective Anchored Densest Subgraph Search: A Convex-programming based Approach. KDD 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Jiaqi Jiang, Qi Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Guoren Wang. I/O Efficient Max-Truss Computation in Large Static and Dynamic Graphs. ICDE 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Henan Sun, Xunkai Li, Zhengyu Wu, Daohan Su, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang. Breaking the Entanglement of Homophily and Heterophily in Semi-supervised Node Classification. ICDE 2024.    (pdf)

Jiujian Chen, Kai Wang, Rong-Hua Li*, Hongchao Qin, Xuemin Lin, Guoren Wang. Maximal Biclique Enumeration: A Prefix Tree Based Approach. ICDE, 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Yue Zeng, Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li*, Kai Wang, Guoren Wang, Xuemin Lin. Mining Quasi-Periodic Communities in Temporal Network. ICDE, 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Xunkai Li, Zhengyu Wu, Wentao Zhang, Henan Sun, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang. AdaFGL: A New Paradigm for Federated Node Classification with Topology Heterogeneity. ICDE, 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Xunkai Li, Yulin Zhao, Zhengyu Wu, Wentao Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang. Towards Effective and General Graph Unlearning via Mutual Evolution. AAAI, 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Xunkai Li, Jingyuan Ma, Zhengyu Wu, Daohan Su, Wentao Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang. Rethinking Node-wise Propagation for Large-scale Graph Learning. WWW, 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Yinlin Zhu, Xunkai Li, Zhengyu Wu, Di Wu, Miao Hu, Rong-Hua Li. FedTAD: Topology-aware Data-free Knowledge Distillation for Subgraph Federated Learning. IJCAI 2024.    (pdf)

Xiaowei Ye, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Hongzhi Chen, Guoren Wang. Efficient k-Clique Counting on Large Graphs: The Power of Color-Based Sampling Approaches. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2024.    (pdf)    (code)

Guoren Wang, Yue Zeng, Rong-Hua Li, Hongchao Qin, Xuanhua Shi, Yubin Xia, Xuequn Shang, Liang Hong. Temporal Graph Cube. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2023.    (pdf)

Xunkai Li, Zhengyu Wu, Wentao Zhang, Yinlin Zhu, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang. FedGTA. Topology-aware Averaging for Federated Graph Learning. VLDB, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Sen Gao, Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li*, Bingsheng He. Parallel Colorful h-star Core Maintenance in Dynamic Graphs. VLDB, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Qi Zhang, Rong-Hua Li, Minjia Pan, Yongheng Dai, Qun Tian, Guoren Wang. Fairness-aware Maximal Clique in Large Graphs: Concepts and Algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2023    (pdf)    (code)

Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li, Ye Yuan, Yongheng Dai, Guoren Wang. Densest Periodic Subgraph Mining on Large Temporal Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2023    (pdf)

Qi Zhang, Rong-Hua Li, Hongchao Qin, Guoren Wang, Zhiwei Zhang, Ye Yuan. Stable Subgraph Isomorphism Search in Temporal Networks. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2023    (pdf)

Yu-Xuan Qiu, Dong Wen, Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Michael Yu, Xuemin Lin. Computing Significant Cliques in Large Labeled Networks. IEEE Transactions on Big Data, 2023    (pdf)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang, Rui Mao, Zhiwei Zhang, Ye Yuan. Core Decomposition on Uncertain Graphs Revisited. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 35(1): 196-210, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Lianpeng Qiao, Rong-Hua Li, Zhiwei Zhang, Guoren Wang, Ximing Li, and Ye Yuan. Maximal Quasi-Cliques Mining in Uncertain Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Big Data 9(1): 37-50, 2023.    (pdf)

Qi Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Hongchao Qin, Yongheng Dai, Ye Yuan, Guoren Wang*: Neighborhood Skyline on Graphs: Concepts, Algorithms and Applications. ICDE, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li*, Ye Yuan, Guoren Wang*, Yongheng Dai. Explainable Hyperlink Prediction: A Hypergraph Edit Distance-Based Approach. ICDE, 2023.    (pdf)

Ziqi Yin, Qi Zhang, Wentao Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Guoren Wang: Fairness-aware Maximal Biclique Enumeration on Bipartite Graphs. ICDE, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Longlong Lin, Rong-Hua Li*, Tao Jia: Scalable and Effective Conductance-based Graph Clustering. AAAI, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Meihao Liao, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Hongyang Chen, Hongchao Qin, Guoren Wang: Efficient Resistance Distance Computation: The Power of Landmark-based Approaches. SIGMOD, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)    (slide)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Meihao Liao, Guoren Wang: Maximal Defective Clique Enumeration. SIGMOD, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Xiaowei Ye, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Hongchao Qin, Guoren Wang: Efficient Biclique Counting in Large Bipartite Graphs. SIGMOD, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Xiaowei Ye, Meihao Liao, Weipeng Zhang, Guoren Wang: Hereditary Cohesive Subgraphs Enumeration on Bipartite Graphs: The Power of Pivot-based Approaches. SIGMOD, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)

Meihao Liao, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Hongyang Chen, Hongchao Qin, Guoren Wang: Efficient Personalized PageRank Computation: The Power of Variance-Reduced Monte Carlo Approaches. SIGMOD, 2023.    (pdf)    (code)    (slide)

Yu-Xuan Qiu, Dong Wen, Lu Qin, Wentao Li, Rong-Hua Li, Ying Zhang: Efficient Shortest Path Counting on Large Road Networks. Proc. VLDB Endow. 15(10): 2098-2110, 2022.    (pdf)

Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li*, Ye Yuan, Guoren Wang*, Lu Qin, Zhiwei Zhang. Mining Bursting Core in Large Temporal Graph. Proc. VLDB Endow. 15(13): 3911-3923, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Shuang Yang, Yahui Sun, Jiesong Liu, Xiaokui Xiao, Rong-Hua Li, Zhewei Wei: Approximating Probabilistic Group Steiner Trees in Graphs. Proc. VLDB Endow. 16(2): 343-355, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Bohua Yang, Dong Wen, Lu Qin, Ying Zhang, Lijun Chang, Rong-Hua Li. Computing K-Cores in Large Uncertain Graphs: An Index-based Optimal Approach. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34(7): 3126-3138, 2022.    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Qiushuo Song, Xiaokui Xiao, Lu Qin, Guoren Wang, Jeffrey Xu Yu, and Rui Mao. I/O-Efficient Algorithms for Degeneracy Computation on Massive Networks. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34(7): 3335-3348, 2022.    (pdf)

Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li, Ye Yuan, Guoren Wang, Weihua Yang, and Lu Qin. Periodic Communities Mining in Temporal Networks: Concepts and Algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34(8): 3927-3945, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Taotao Cai, Jianxin Li, Ajmal Mian, Rong-Hua Li, Timos Sellis, and Jeffrey Xu Yu. Target-aware Holistic Influence Maximization in Spatial Social Networks. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34(4): 1993-2007, 2022.    (pdf)

Longxu Sun, Xin Huang, Rong-Hua Li, Byron Choi, and Jianliang Xu. Index-based Intimate-Core Community Search in Large Weighted Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34(9): 4313-4327, 2022.    (pdf)

Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li, Guoren Wang, Xin Huang, Ye Yuan, and Jeffrey Xu Yu. Mining Stable Communities in Temporal Networks by Density-based Clustering. IEEE Transactions on Big Data 8(3): 671-684, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Longlong Lin, Pingpeng Yuan, Rong-Hua Li, and Hai Jin. Mining Diversified Top-r Lasting Cohesive Subgraphs on Temporal Networks. IEEE Transactions on Big Data 8(6): 1537-1549, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Longlong Lin, Pingpeng Yuan, Rong-Hua Li, Jifei Wang, Ling Liu, Hai Jin: Mining Stable Quasi-Cliques on Temporal Networks. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. 52(6): 3731-3745, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Zijian Chen, Rong-Hua Li*, Hongchao Qin, Huanzhong Duan, Yanxiong Lu, Qiangqiang Dai, Guoren Wang. Filtration-Enhanced Graph Transformation, IJCAI, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Gao Sen, Rong-Hua Li*, Hongchao Qin, Hongzhi Chen, Ye Yuan, Guoren Wang. Colorful h-star Core Decomposition, ICDE, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Minjia Pan, Rong-Hua Li*, Qi Zhang, Yongheng Dai, Qun Tian, Guoren Wang: Fairness-aware Maximal Clique Enumeration. ICDE, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Qi Zhang, Rong-Hua Li*, Minjia Pan, Yongheng Dai, Guoren Wang, Ye Yuan: Efficient Top-k Ego-Betweenness Search. ICDE, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Xiaowei Ye, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Hongzhi Chen, Guoren Wang: Lightning Fast and Space Efficient k-clique Counting. WWW, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Meihao Liao, Hongzhi Chen, Guoren Wang: Fast Maximal Clique Enumeration on Uncertain Graphs: A Pivot-based Approach. SIGMOD, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)

Meihao Liao, Rong-Hua Li*, Qiangqiang Dai, Guoren Wang: Efficient Personalized PageRank Computation: A Spanning Forests Sampling Based Approach. SIGMOD, 2022.    (pdf)    (code)    (slide)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Hongchao Qin, Meihao Liao, Guoren Wang: Scaling Up Maximal k-plex Enumeration. CIKM 2022: 345-354    (pdf)    (code)

Rong-Hua Li, Qiangqiang Dai, Lu Qin, Guoren Wang, Xiaokui Xiao, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Shaojie Qiao. Signed Clique Search in Signed Networks: Concepts and Algorithms, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 33(2): 710-727 (2021)    (pdf)

Shaojie Qiao , Nan Han, Yunjun Gao, Rong-Hua Li, Jianbin Huang, Heli Sun, and Xindong Wu: Dynamic Community Evolution Analysis Framework for Large-scale Complex Networks Based on Strong and Weak Events. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. 51(10): 6229-6243, 2021    (pdf)

Qiangqiang Dai, Rong-Hua Li*, Lu Qin, Guoren Wang, Weihua Yang, Zhiwei Zhang, Ye Yuan: Scaling Up Distance-generalized Core Decomposition. CIKM 2021: 312-321    (pdf)    (code)

Rong-Hua Li, Sen Gao, Lu Qin, Guoren Wang, Weihua Yang, Jeffrey Xu Yu. Ordering Heuristics for k-clique Listing, VLDB 2020.    (pdf)    (code)

Qi Zhang, Rong-Hua Li, Qixuan Yang, Guoren Wang, Lu Qin: Efficient Top-k Edge Structural Diversity Search. ICDE 2020: 205-216    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Fanghua Ye, Guoren Wang, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Xiaokui Xiao, Nong Xiao and Zibin Zheng: Finding skyline communities in multi-valued networks. VLDB Journal 29(6): 1407-1432, 2020.    (pdf)

Fanghua Ye, Chuan Chen, Zibin Zheng, Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu. Discrete Overlapping Community Detection with Pseudo Supervision, ICDM 2019.    (pdf)    (code)

Xiaxia Guan, Shurong Zhang, Rong-Hua Li, Lin Chen, Weihua Yang: Anti-k-labeling of graphs. Applied Mathematics and Computation 363 (2019).    (pdf)

Lu Miao, Shurong Zhang, Rong-Hua Li, Weihua Yang. Structure fault tolerance of k-ary n-cube networks. Theoretical Computer Science, 2019.    (pdf)

Renchi Yang, Xiaokui Xiao, Zhewei Wei, Sourav S. Bhowmick, Jun Zhao, Rong-Hua Li. Efficient Estimation of Heat Kernel PageRank for Local Clustering. SIGMOD Conference 2019: 1339-1356.    (pdf)

Yu-Xuan Qiu, Rong-Hua Li*,Jianxin Li, Shaojie Qiao, Guoren Wang, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao. Efficient Structural Clustering on Probabilistic Graphs, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 31(10): 1954-1968 (2019)    (pdf)

Xi Xiong, Shaojie Qiao, Yuanyuan Li, Haiqing Zhang, Ping Huang, Nan Han, Rong-Hua Li. ADPDF: A Hybrid Attribute Discrimination Method for Psychometric Data With Fuzziness.IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 49(1): 265-278 (2019)    (pdf)

Bohua Yang, Dong Wen, Lu Qin, Ying Zhang, Lijun Chang, Rong-Hua Li. Index-Based Optimal Algorithm for Computing K-Cores in Large Uncertain Graphs. ICDE 2019: 64-75 (1 of 8 excellent paper, invited to TKDE)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Qiangqiang Dai, Guoren Wang, Zhong Ming, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu. Improved Algorithms for Maximal Clique Search in Uncertain Networks. ICDE 2019: 1178-1189    (pdf)

Hongchao Qin, Rong-Hua Li, Guoren Wang, Lu Qin, Yurong Cheng, Ye Yuan. Mining Periodic Cliques in Temporal Networks. ICDE 2019: 1130-1141    (pdf)   ,  (code)

Rong-Hua Li, Qiangqiang Dai, Lu Qin, Guoren Wang, Xiaokui Xiao, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Shaojie Qiao. Efficient Signed Clique Search in Signed Networks. ICDE 2018: 245-256. (1 of 8 excellent paper, invited to TKDE)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jiao Su, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Qiangqiang Dai. Persistent Community Search in Temporal Networks. ICDE 2018: 797-808    (pdf)   ,  (code)   ,  (A simpler version for chinese students)

Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Fanghua Ye, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Xiaokui Xiao, Nong Xiao, Zibin Zheng. Skyline Community Search in Multi-valued Networks. SIGMOD Conference 2018: 457-472    (pdf)   ,  (code)

Fei Chen, Donghong Wang, Rong-Hua Li, Jianyong Chen, Zhong Ming, Alex X. Liu, Huayi Duan, Cong Wang, Jing Qin. Secure Hashing-Based Verifiable Pattern Matching. IEEE Trans. Information Forensics and Security 13(11): 2677-2690 (2018)    (pdf)

Shaojie Qiao, Nan Han, Junfeng Wang, Rong-Hua Li, Louis Alberto Gutierrez, Xindong Wu. Predicting Long-Term Trajectories of Connected Vehicles via the Prefix-Projection Technique. IEEE Trans. Intelligent Transportation Systems 19(7): 2305-2315 (2018)    (pdf)

Shaojie Qiao, Nan Han, Yunjun Gao, Rong-Hua Li, Jianbin Huang, Jun Guo, Louis Alberto Gutierrez, Xindong Wu. A Fast Parallel Community Discovery Model on Complex Networks through Approximate Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 30(9): 1638-1651 (2018)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao. Finding influential communities in massive networks. VLDB J. 26(6): 751-776 (2017)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao, Tan Jin. Recursive Stratified Sampling: A New Framework for Query Evaluation on Uncertain Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 28(2): 468-482 (2016)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao. Optimal Multi-Meeting-Point Route Search. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 28(3): 770-784 (2016)    (pdf)

Can Lu, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rong-Hua Li*, Hao Wei. Exploring Hierarchies in Online Social Networks. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 28(8): 2086-2100 (2016)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao. Efficient and Progressive Group Steiner Tree Search. SIGMOD Conference 2016: 91-106    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao. Influential Community Search in Large Networks. PVLDB 8(5): 509-520 (2015)    (pdf)

Xin Huang, Hong Cheng, Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu. Top-K structural diversity search in large networks. VLDB Journal 24(3): 319-343 (2015)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Lu Qin, Rui Mao, Tan Jin. On random walk based graph sampling. ICDE 2015: 927-938    (pdf)

Lu Qin, Rong-Hua Li, Lijun Chang, Chengqi Zhang. Locally Densest Subgraph Discovery. KDD 2015: 965-974    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao. Efficient Core Maintenance in Large Dynamic Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 26(10): 2453-2465 (2014)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li Jeffrey Xu Yu, Xin Huang, Hong Cheng. Random-walk domination in large graphs. ICDE 2014: 736-747    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Rui Mao, Tan Jin. Efficient and accurate query evaluation on uncertain graphs via recursive stratified sampling. ICDE 2014: 892-903    (pdf)

Xin Huang, Hong Cheng, Rong-Hua Li, Lu Qin, Jeffrey Xu Yu. Top-K Structural Diversity Search in Large Networks. PVLDB 6(13): 1618-1629 (2013)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu. Scalable Diversified Ranking on Large Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 25(9): 2133-2146 (2013)    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Xin Huang, Hong Cheng. Robust Reputation-Based Ranking on Bipartite Rating Networks. SDM 2012: 612-623    (pdf)

Rong-Hua Li, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Jianquan Liu. Link prediction: the power of maximal entropy random walk. CIKM 2011: 1147-1156    (pdf)